Cytokines are secreted signalling proteins that play essential roles in the initiation,
maintenance and resolution of immune responses. Although the unique ability of cytokines …

IL-6 family cytokines are defined by the common use of the signal-transducing receptor
chain glycoprotein 130 (gp130). Increasing evidence indicates that these cytokines are …

Cytokines signal through cell surface receptor dimers to initiate activation of intracellular
Janus kinases (JAKs). We report the 3.6-angstrom–resolution cryo–electron microscopy …

Class CG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are known to form stable homodimers or
heterodimers critical for function, but the oligomeric status of class A and B receptors, which …

Type I interferons (IFN-I) were first discovered over 60 years ago in a classical experiment by
Isaacs and Lindenman, who showed that IFN-Is possess antiviral activity. Later, it became …

Leptin is an adipocyte-derived protein hormone that promotes satiety and energy
homeostasis by activating the leptin receptor (LepR)–STAT3 signaling axis in a subset of …

Calreticulin (CALR) frameshift mutations represent the second cause of myeloproliferative
neoplasms (MPN). In healthy cells, CALR transiently and non-specifically interacts with …

Abstract During SARS-CoV-2 infection, the innate immune response can be inhibited or
delayed, and the subsequent persistent viral replication can induce emergency signals that …

Frizzleds (Fzd) are the primary receptors for Wnt morphogens, which are essential
regulators of stem cell biology, yet the structural basis of Wnt signaling through Fzd remains …

Like most plasma membrane proteins, type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR) traffics from
the outer surface to the inner compartments of the cell. Long considered as a passive means …