The failure of animal models to predict therapeutic responses in humans is a major problem
that also brings into question their use for basic research. Organ-on-a-chip (organ chip) …

Predicting the effects of drugs before human clinical trials is at the heart of drug screening
and discovery processes. The cost of drug discovery is steadily increasing owing to the …

In vitro cell culture models are emerging as promising tools to understand human
development, disease progression, and provide reliable, rapid and cost-effective results for …

Drug evaluation has always been an important area of research in the pharmaceutical
industry. However, animal welfare protection and other shortcomings of traditional drug …

For many retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma,
and diabetic retinopathy (DR), the exact pathogenesis is still unclear. Moreover, the currently …

Current in vitro antitumor drug screening strategies insufficiently mimic biological systems.
They tend to lack true perfusion and draining microcirculation systems, which may post …

Liver organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) represent a new type of in
vitro liver model for understanding organ development, disease mechanism and drug …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease that affects the macula–the central
part of the retina. It is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the elderly. AMD onset is …

Brain organoids derived from the self-organization of human induced pluripotent stem cells
(hiPSCs) represent a new class of in vitro organ system for modeling brain development and …

Organoids and cells in organ‐on‐chip platforms replicate higher‐level anatomical,
physiological, or pathological states of tissues and organs. These technologies are widely …