The largest known dinosaurs weighed at least 20 million times as much as the smallest,
indicating exceptional phenotypic divergence. Previous studies have focused on extreme …

Inferring the body mass of fossil taxa, such as non‐avian dinosaurs, provides a powerful tool
for interpreting physiological and ecological properties, as well as the ability to study these …

Crop heterogeneity is a possible solution to the vulnerability of monocultured crops to
disease,,. Both theory and observation, indicate that genetic heterogeneity provides greater …

The intersection of paleontology and biomechanics can be reciprocally illuminating, helping
to improve paleobiological knowledge of extinct species and furthering our understanding of …

Background Body size is intimately related to the physiology and ecology of an organism.
Therefore, accurate and consistent body mass estimates are essential for inferring …

Substantial differences in pelvic osteology and soft tissues separate crown group
crocodylians (Crocodylia) and birds (Neornithes). A phylogenetic perspective including …

In this article, we develop a new reconstruction of the pelvic and hindlimb muscles of the
large theropod dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex. Our new reconstruction relies primarily on …

Femoral osteology and soft tissues evolved in a stepwise pattern in archosauromorph
reptiles on the line to crown group birds. Crocodylia retains most ancestral archosaurian …

Body mass is strongly related to both physiological and ecological properties of living
organisms. As a result, generating robust, broadly applicable models for estimating body …

Living crocodilians (Crocodylia) and birds (Neornithes) differ in many aspects of hindlimb
anatomy and locomotor function. How did this disparity evolve? We integrate information …