Termites have long been studied for their symbiotic associations with gut microbes. In the
late nineteenth century, this relationship was poorly understood and captured the interest of …

The symbiosis between termites and their hindgut protists is mutually obligate and vertically
inherited. It was established by the late Jurassic in the cockroach ancestors of termites as …

Abstract Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann)(Blattoidea:
Rhinotermitidae) are invasive subterranean termite pest species with a major global …

Most Parabasalia are symbionts in the hindgut of “lower”(non‐Termitidae) termites, where
they widely vary in morphology and degree of morphological complexity. Large and complex …

Subsocial wood feeding cockroaches in the genus Cryptocercus, the sister group of termites,
retain their symbiotic gut flagellates during the host molting cycle, but in lower termites …

Spirotrichonymphea, one of the six classes of phylum Parabasalia, are characterized by
bearing many flagella in spiral rows, and they occur exclusively in the guts of termites …

The phylum Parabasalia includes very diverse single‐cell organisms that nevertheless
share a distinctive set of morphological traits. Most are harmless or beneficial gut symbionts …

Lower termites harbor diverse consortia of symbiotic gut flagellates. Despite numerous
evidence for co-cladogenesis, the evolutionary history of these associations remains …

The subterranean termite Heterotermes aureus is endemic to arid regions of southwestern
USA and northern Mexico. Like other termites in the family Rhinotermitidae, it harbors a …

Microjoenia are obligate symbionts of termites. The genus was erected in 1892 for small
cells with many flagella that insert near, but not directly from, the cell apex, and an axostyle …