Interactions between plants and insect herbivores are important determinants of plant
productivity in managed and natural vegetation. In response to attack, plants have evolved a …

Cardenolides are remarkable steroidal toxins that have become model systems, critical in
the development of theories for chemical ecology and coevolution. Because cardenolides …

Plant phenolics are secondary metabolites that encompass several classes structurally
diverse of natural products biogenetically arising from the shikimate-phenylpropanoids …

Terrestrial biodiversity is dominated by plants and the herbivores that consume them, and
they are one of the major conduits of energy flow up to higher trophic levels. Here, we …

We consider the role that key structural traits, such as spinescence, pubescence,
sclerophylly and raphides, play in protecting plants from herbivore attack. Despite the …

In this essay I summarize current trends in the evolutionary ecology of plant defence, while
advocating for approaches that integrate community ecology with specific tests of classic …

Given that a plant's defensive strategy against herbivory is never likely to be a single trait, we
develop the concept of plant defense syndromes, where association with specific ecological …

One of the most well-supported theories regarding the evolution of plant defenses is the
resource availability hypothesis (RAH). RAH posits that species from high-resource …

Ecologists have greatly advanced our understanding of the processes that regulate trophic
structure and dynamics in ecosystems. However, the causes of systematic variation among …

Tropical forests include a diversity of habitats, which has led to specialization in plants. Near
Iquitos, in the Peruvian Amazon, nutrient‐rich clay forests surround nutrient‐poor white …