The paradox of federalism is about whether self-rule accommodates or exacerbates ethnic
divisions. A federal arrangement that formally recognizes ethno-linguistic diversity to help …

This article bridges the gap between referenda and foreign policy, emphasizing the role of
non-state entities as (f) actors of change in the formulation of foreign policy. Using a multi …

Oil wealth increases the risk of both authoritarianism and secessionist conflict. 1 Iraq's 2005
federal constitution sought to address this dual risk by granting regions and provinces a high …

There is a growing body of literature on the use of federalism as a tool of conflict resolution
(Brancati 2009; Keil 2012; Watts 2015). In particular, case studies on numerous countries …

The attempt to introduce federalism in Iraq to peacefully deal with internal diversity and to
stabilise the country has largely failed. The constitution of 2005, which directly resulted from …

Constitution-making in Iraq brought debates over the relative merits and demerits of
federalism and other forms of decentralized institutions of governance to the fore of public …

Proponents of decentralization often argue that decentralization makes governments more
accountable and responsive to the governed. This is perhaps why the decentralization …

This paper investigates how the devolution of oil windfalls affects the likelihood of political
violence. It shows that transferring large shares of oil wealth can prevent conflict, while …

The attacks and blockade on Yemen by the Saudi-led multinational coalition have killed
thousands and triggered humanitarian disaster. The longstanding conflict in the country …

Multiethnic, multilingual and socially divided large states usually, though not always
willingly, prefer a federal system of government to build state institutions and promote …