Toxicity testing relies heavily on animals, especially rodents as part of the non-clinical
laboratory testing of substances. However, the use of mammalians and the number of …

Aquaculture is currently one of the best prospects to help meet the growing need for protein
in the human diet. However, aquaculture development and production result in …

Glyphosate-based herbicides (eg Roundup®) are extensively used in the aquatic
environment, but there is a paucity of data on the toxicity of the formulated products and the …

1.1. Objective The objective of this white paper is to summarize our current knowledge of the
potential role of pyrethroid insecticides in the pelagic organism decline in the upper San …

Most aquatic invertebrates and fish are highly susceptible to synthetic pyrethroid insecticides
(1, 2). All pyrethroids are potent neurotoxicants that interfere with nerve cell function by …

Anti-sea lice pesticides, used in the salmonid aquaculture industry, are a growing
environmental concern due to their potential to adversely affect non-target crustaceans …

A nitro musk (musk ketone) and three polycyclic musks (Tonalide™, Galaxolide™ and
Celestolide™) were tested for acute and subchronic effects on a marine crustacean, the …

Fipronil is a novel γaminobutyric acid receptorspecific phenylpyrazole insecticide
commonly used near estuarine environments for rice production, turfgrass management …

The problem of how to deal with species sensitivity differences to toxic substances has been
addressed successfully with the species sensitivity distribution (SSD), yet this has not …

Regulatory policies in many parts of the world recognize either the utility of or the mandate
that all available studies be considered in environmental or ecological hazard and risk …