Over the last century hundreds of studies have demonstrated that testing is an effective
intervention to enhance long-term retention of studied knowledge and facilitate mastery of …

Flipped classrooms refer to the practice of assigning lectures outside of class and devoting
class time to a variety of learning activities. In this review, we discuss the range of …

Attempting recall of information from memory, as occurs when taking a practice test, is one of
the most potent training techniques known to learning science. However, does testing yield …

Learning is often identified with the acquisition and encoding of new information. Reading a
textbook, listening to a lecture, participating in a hands-on classroom activity, and studying a …

Given the growing interest in retrieval practice among educators, it is valuable to know when
retrieval practice does and does not improve student learning—particularly for educators …

Over a century of research has established practice testing as a highly robust learning
strategy that promotes long-term retention. However, learners do not always appreciate the …

Retrieval practice has been widely studied as an effective strategy for enhancing memory. In
this review article, we discuss how its effects on learning complex problem-solving …

Tests have been vastly used for the assessment of learning in educational contexts.
Recently, however, a growing body of research has shown that the practice of remembering …

It is well-established in memory research that retrieval fosters learning. When applying this
effect in education, it is an important question which type of retrieval task works best. Several …

Presently, the most common approach to examining the testing effect is using a free recall
form of retrieval practice. In this experiment, we compared free recall to other retrieval-based …