Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria are insect pathogens that produce different Cry and Cyt toxins
to kill their hosts. Here we review the group of three-domain Cry (3d-Cry) toxins. Expression …

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry toxins constitute the active ingredient in the most widely used
biological insecticides and insect-resistant transgenic crops. A clear understanding of their …

Parasporal crystals produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacteria are the main virulence
factors underlying Bt toxicity to insects. Parasporal crystals are composed primarily of Cry …

The evolution of insect resistance threatens the effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
toxins that are widely used in sprays and transgenic crops. Resistance to Bt toxins in some …

Background Relatively recent evidence indicates that ABCC2 transporters play a main role
in the mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1A-type proteins. Mapping of major …

Cry toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis have been recognized as pore-forming toxins
whose primary action is to lyse midgut epithelial cells in their target insect. In the case of the …

First generation of insect-protected transgenic corn (Bt-corn) was based on the expression of
Cry1Ab or Cry1Fa proteins. Currently, the trend is the combination of two or more genes …

Bacillus thuringiensis es el insecticida biológico más aplicado en el mundo y se utiliza para
controlar diversos insectos que afectan la agricultura, la actividad forestal y que transmiten …

Abstract Background Insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis bind to receptors on
midgut epithelial cells of susceptible insect larvae. Aminopeptidases N (APNs) from several …

Crystal (Cry) proteins belong to an insect toxin family encoded and expressed by a variety of
Bacillus thuringiensis isolates, and are named due to their in vivo auto-crystallization …