BACKGROUND CONTEXT The accurate determination of a patient's functional status is
necessary for therapeutic decision-making and to critically appraise treatment efficacy …

Surgical realignment of adult spinal deformity (ASD) has advanced significantly over the last
decade [17, 61, 64] but proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) is a complication that continues to …

Objectives. This study aims (1) to determine the association between kinesiophobia and
pain, muscle functions, and functional performances and (2) to determine whether …

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are commonly used to estimate disability of
patients with spinal degenerative disease. Emerging technological advances present an …

BACKGROUND: The Timed Up and Go Test (TUG Test) has previously been described as a
reliable tool to evaluate objective functional impairment in patients with degenerative disc …

BACKGROUND: There are few objective measures of functional impairment to support
clinical decision making in lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD). OBJECTIVE: We …

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) and low back pain which is mainly caused by
degeneration of the intervertebral discs (IVDs) both are major public health problem …

OBJECTIVE Objective functional measures such as the 6-minute walking test (6WT) are
increasingly applied to evaluate patients with degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine …

Background It is generally believed that radiological signs of lumbar degenerative disc
disease (DDD) are associated with increased pain and functional impairment as well as …

Sex differences in pain perception are known to exist; however, the exact pathomechanism
remains unclear. This work aims to elucidate sex differences in subjective and objective …