The human gastrointestinal tract is colonized by trillions of microorganisms that interact with
the host to maintain structural and functional homeostasis. Acting as the interface between …

Evidence is growing that the gut microbiota modulates the host response to
chemotherapeutic drugs, with three main clinical outcomes: facilitation of drug efficacy; …

Parkinson's disease (PD) patients display alterations in gut microbiota composition.
However, mechanism between gut microbial dysbiosis and pathogenesis of PD remains …

The intestinal epithelial barrier, composed of epithelial cells, tight junction proteins and
intestinal secretions, prevents passage of luminal substances and antigens through the …

Intestinal microbial metabolites are conjectured to affect mucosal integrity through an
incompletely characterized mechanism. Here we showed that microbial-specific indoles …

A single layer of epithelial cells lines the small and large intestines and functions as a barrier
between commensal bacteria and the rest of the body. Ligation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) …

The innate immune system in drosophila and mammals senses the invasion of
microorganisms using the family of Toll receptors, stimulation of which initiates a range of …

The intestinal microflora is a positive health asset that crucially influences the normal
structural and functional development of the mucosal immune system. Mucosal immune …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an incurable, devastating disorder that is characterized by
pathological protein aggregation and neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra. In recent …

How can probiotic bacteria transduce their health benefits to the host? Bacterial cell surface
macromolecules are key factors in this beneficial microorganism–host crosstalk, as they can …