Abstract Changes in ocean heat content (OHC) provide a measure of ocean warming, with
impacts on the Earth system. This Review synthesizes estimates of past and future OHC …

Abstract The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key component of the
climate through its transport of heat in the North Atlantic Ocean. Decadal changes in the …

The AR5 concluded that human influence on the climate system is clear, evident from
increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing …

Tipping elements are components of the Earth system which may respond nonlinearly to
anthropogenic climate change by transitioning toward substantially different long‐term …

Abstract The Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation is important to the climate system
because it carries heat and carbon northward, and from the surface to the deep ocean. The …

The strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) at 26∘ N has now
been continuously measured by the RAPID array over the period April 2004–September …

Sea level rise (SLR) shows important spatiotemporal variability. A better understanding of
characteristics and mechanisms of the variability is critical for future SLR projection and …

Continuous measurements of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and
meridional ocean heat transport at 26.5° N began in April 2004 and are currently available …

Arctic Ocean gateway fluxes play a crucial role in linking the Arctic with the global ocean and
affecting climate and marine ecosystems. We reviewed past studies on Arctic–Subarctic …

Observations of the eastern subpolar North Atlantic in the 2010s show exceptional
freshening and cooling of the upper ocean, peaking in 2016 with the lowest salinities …