Resistance to therapy is a major obstacle to cancer treatment. It may exist from the
beginning, or it may develop during therapy. The review focusses on oncolytic Newcastle …

Newcastle disease (ND) has been a consistent risk factor to the poultry industry worldwide.
Its pathogen, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is also a promising antitumor treatment …

Infectious bronchitis (IB) and Newcastle disease (ND) are two important diseases of poultry
and have remained a threat to the development of the poultry industry in many parts of the …

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a key member of the “danger associated molecular
patterns”(DAMPs) which plays important roles in systemic inflammation and has a …

Newcastle disease is a global problem that causes huge economic losses and threatens the
health and welfare of poultry. Despite the knowledge gained on the metabolic impact of NDV …

Backyard chickens are increasingly popular, and their husbandry varies widely. How
backyard chickens are housed may influence the accessibility of chicken feed and water to …

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian paramyxovirus that causes significant economic
losses to the poultry industry worldwide, with variations in NDV pathogenicity due to the …

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infects poultry and antagonizes host immunity via several
mechanisms. Dendritic cells (DCs) are characterized as specialized antigen presenting …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells, which are key components
of the immune system and involved in early immune responses. DCs are specialized in …

Macrophages, monocytes, and conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), together with B
lymphocytes, are termed antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Monocytes and cDCs differentiate …