Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelines

A Antal, I Alekseichuk, M Bikson, J Brockmöller… - Clinical …, 2017 - Elsevier
Low intensity transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) in humans, encompassing transcranial
direct current (tDCS), transcutaneous spinal Direct Current Stimulation (tsDCS), transcranial …

The contribution of interindividual factors to variability of response in transcranial direct current stimulation studies

LM Li, K Uehara, T Hanakawa - Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 2015 - frontiersin.org
There has been an explosion of research using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)
for investigating and modulating human cognitive and motor function in healthy populations …

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): a beginner's guide for design and implementation

H Thair, AL Holloway, R Newport… - Frontiers in neuroscience, 2017 - frontiersin.org
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a popular brain stimulation method that is
used to modulate cortical excitability, producing facilitatory or inhibitory effects upon a variety …

Measurements and models of electric fields in the in vivo human brain during transcranial electric stimulation

Y Huang, AA Liu, B Lafon, D Friedman, M Dayan… - elife, 2017 - elifesciences.org
Transcranial electric stimulation aims to stimulate the brain by applying weak electrical
currents at the scalp. However, the magnitude and spatial distribution of electric fields in the …

Realistic volumetric-approach to simulate transcranial electric stimulation—ROAST—a fully automated open-source pipeline

Y Huang, A Datta, M Bikson… - Journal of neural …, 2019 - iopscience.iop.org
Objective. Research in the area of transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) often relies on
computational models of current flow in the brain. Models are built based on magnetic …

Inter-individual variability in tDCS effects: a narrative review on the contribution of stable, variable, and contextual factors

A Vergallito, S Feroldi, A Pisoni, LJ Romero Lauro - Brain sciences, 2022 - mdpi.com
Due to its safety, portability, and cheapness, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)
use largely increased in research and clinical settings. Despite tDCS's wide application …

Cellular effects of acute direct current stimulation: somatic and synaptic terminal effects

A Rahman, D Reato, M Arlotti, F Gasca… - The Journal of …, 2013 - Wiley Online Library
Key points• The diversity of cellular targets of direct current stimulation (DCS), including
somas, dendrites and axon terminals, determine the modulation of synaptic efficacy.• Axon …

Automatic skull segmentation from MR images for realistic volume conductor models of the head: Assessment of the state-of-the-art

JD Nielsen, KH Madsen, O Puonti, HR Siebner… - Neuroimage, 2018 - Elsevier
Anatomically realistic volume conductor models of the human head are important for
accurate forward modeling of the electric field during transcranial brain stimulation (TBS) …

Animal models of transcranial direct current stimulation: methods and mechanisms

MP Jackson, A Rahman, B Lafon, G Kronberg… - Clinical …, 2016 - Elsevier
The objective of this review is to summarize the contribution of animal research using direct
current stimulation (DCS) to our understanding of the physiological effects of transcranial …

Safety of transcranial direct current stimulation: evidence based update 2016

M Bikson, P Grossman, C Thomas, AL Zannou, J Jiang… - Brain stimulation, 2016 - Elsevier
This review updates and consolidates evidence on the safety of transcranial Direct Current
Stimulation (tDCS). Safety is here operationally defined by, and limited to, the absence of …