Over the past decade, a genomics revolution, made possible through the development of
high-throughput sequencing, has triggered considerable progress in the study of ancient …

The global burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is enormous, with 257 million persons
chronically infected, resulting in more than 880,000 deaths per year worldwide. HBV exists …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health
problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of human hepatitis. There is considerable
uncertainty about the timescale of its evolution and its association with humans. Here we …

Many infectious diseases are thought to have emerged in humans after the Neolithic
revolution. Although it is broadly accepted that this also applies to measles, the exact date of …

Recent discoveries of contemporary genotypes of hepatitis B virus and parvovirus B19 in
ancient human remains demonstrate that little genetic change has occurred in these viruses …

Phylogenetic methods can use the sampling times of molecular sequence data to calibrate
the molecular clock, enabling the estimation of evolutionary rates and timescales for rapidly …

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most widespread human pathogens known today,
yet its origin and evolutionary history are still unclear and controversial. Here, we report the …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a unique, tiny, partially double-stranded, reverse-transcribing DNA
virus with proteins encoded by multiple overlapping reading frames. The substitution rate is …

The ability to sequence genomes from ancient biological material has provided a rich source
of information for evolutionary biology and engaged considerable public interest. Although …