The 1921 discovery of insulin was a Big Bang from which a vast and expanding universe of
research into insulin action and resistance has issued. In the intervening century, some …

More than 50 cytokines signal via the JAK/STAT pathway to orchestrate hematopoiesis,
induce inflammation and control the immune response. Cytokines are secreted …

Insulin resistance is a metabolic disorder affecting multiple tissues and is a precursor event
to type 2 diabetes (T2D). As T2D affects over 425 million people globally, there is an …

At high concentrations, free radicals and radical-derived, nonradical reactive species are
hazardous for living organisms and damage all major cellular constituents. At moderate …

Abstract One Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene is lost in most renal cell
carcinomas while the nondeleted allele exhibits hypermethylation-induced inactivation or …

▪ Abstract Tyrosine phosphorylation is one of the key covalent modifications that occurs in
multicellular organisms as a result of intercellular communication during embryogenesis and …

The crystal structure of the phosphorylated, activated form of the insulin receptor tyrosine
kinase in complex with a peptide substrate and an ATP analog has been determined at 1.9 …

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase was first described in 1994 as the NPM-ALK fusion protein that
is expressed in the majority of anaplastic large-cell lymphomas. ALK is a receptor protein …

Targeted gene mutations have established distinct, yet overlapping, developmental roles for
receptors of the insulin/IGF family. IGF-I receptor mediates IGF-I and IGF-II action on prenatal …

In recent years, we've developed a much better grasp of the biological and other factors
associated with the development of obesity. Reflecting our evolving understanding of …