Plants encounter several biotic and abiotic stresses, usually in combination. This results in
major economic losses in agriculture and forestry every year. Climate change aggravates …

Plant diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms represent a serious threat to plant
productivity, food security, and natural ecosystems. An effective framework for early warning …

Climate change is triggering similar effects on the incidence and severity of disease for
crops in agriculture and wild plants in natural communities. The complexity of natural …

Poplar is one of the most important forest trees because of its high economic value. Thanks
to the fast-growing rate, easy vegetative propagation and transformation, and availability of …

In the light of ongoing climate change, European beech trees face a loss of vitality due to an
expected increase in the frequency of droughts, exacerbated by prolonged periods of high …

European forests are threatened by increasing numbers of invasive pests and pathogens.
Over the past century, Lecanosticta acicola, a foliar pathogen predominantly of Pinus spp …

The role of competitive interactions among endophytes and latent pathogens that determine
disease on stressed plants is largely unknown. Shoot blight caused by Diplodia sapinea is …

The ascomycete Sphaeropsis sapinea is the causal agent of the Diplodia Tip Blight disease
on pines and other conifer species. This fungus has a symptomless endophytic life stage …

The import and export of tree seed carries with it risks of inadvertent introduction of pests
and pathogens to hitherto unaffected regions. Although trade in seed of specified trees is …

Forest ecosystems are increasingly challenged by extreme events, for example, drought,
storms, pest attacks, and fungal pathogen outbreaks, causing severe ecological and …