Calcium ions function as a key second messenger ion in eukaryotes. Spatially and
temporally defined cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals are shaped through the concerted activity of …

The fast-growing consumer demand drives industrial process intensification, which
subsequently creates a significant amount of waste. These products are discharged into the …

Studies on plant peroxidases are reviewed in this paper, including enzyme types and
localization, molecular structure, purification and identification and gene expression and …

Plant secondary metabolites are bioactive scaffolds that are crucial for plant survival in the
environment and to maintain a defense mechanism from predators. These compounds are …

Chitosan in both native and degraded form (oligosaccharides) acts as a growth promoter
and generate responses associated with both primary and secondary metabolism in plants …

Plants have been interacting with insects for several hundred million years, leading to
complex defense approaches against various insect feeding strategies. Some defenses are …

The discovery that there is a close relationship between ascorbate and glutathione dates
from soon after the characterization of the chemical formulae of the two molecules (Szent …

▪ Abstract Several reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced in plants as
byproducts of aerobic metabolism. Depending on the nature of the ROS species, some are …

Harnessing the toxic properties of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to fight off invading
pathogens can be considered a major evolutionary success story. All aerobic organisms …

84 BOWLER ET AL organism's defense mechanism and have consequently been the
subject of much research. In plants, the role of SOD during environmental adversity, has …