The consumption of fungi by animals is a significant trophic interaction in most terrestrial
ecosystems, yet the role mammals play in these associations has been incompletely …

Woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius), horse (Equus spp.) and bison (Bison spp.)
coexisted with a variety of mammalian megafauna across the Pleistocene mammoth steppe …

According to the refugee species concept, increasing replacement of open steppe by forest
cover after the last glacial period and human pressure had together forced European bison …

Abstract Recent excavations at Ranis (Germany) identified an early dispersal of Homo
sapiens into the higher latitudes of Europe by 45,000 years ago. Here we integrate results …

Abstract The Late Pleistocene site “Troisième caverne” of Goyet (Belgium) has yielded the
broadest set of Neandertal remains in North-Western Europe and is associated with a rich …

Trace mineral imbalances can have significant effects on animal health, reproductive
success, and survival. Monitoring their status in wildlife populations is, therefore, important …

Palaeogenetic investigations in three geographically close caves (Hohle Fels,
Geißenklösterle, and Sirgenstein) in the Ach Valley near Blaubeuren (Swabian Jura) …

Archaeological bone undergoes alterations after burial (diagenesis) that constitute a
problem for the survival of archaeological information. A common method to assess this …

More than 300 cave bear bones from all over Europe have carbon and nitrogen isotopic
composition that match overwhelmingly a diet based on plants, except for samples from two …

Red deer (Cervus elaphus) is a flexible species that survived the significant climatic and
environmental change toward warming temperature and forested landscape of the Late …