Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the colon
(IBD) that is hypothesized to be related to exposure to environmental risk factors leading to …

The human gastrointestinal tract is colonized by trillions of microorganisms that interact with
the host to maintain structural and functional homeostasis. Acting as the interface between …

There are well-established links between acute inflammation and successful tissue repair
across evolution. Innate immune reactions contribute significantly to pathogen clearance …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of receptors widely distributed in the organism. In the
central nervous system, they are expressed in neurons, astrocytes and microglia. Although …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder associated with the inflammation in
the digestive tract. The exact cause of IBD is unknown; nevertheless, in IBD, the …

Immunity in higher organisms can be broadly categorized into adaptive immunity and innate
immunity. Adaptive immunity is mediated by clonally distributed T and B lymphocytes which …

Mucosal-associated invariant T lymphocytes (MAIT lymphocytes) are characterized by two
evolutionarily conserved features: an invariant T cell antigen receptor (TCR) α-chain and …

Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL), also known as oncogene 24p3,
uterocalin, siderocalin or lipocalin 2, is a 24kDa secreted glycoprotein originally purified …

▪ Abstract The prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases-1 and 2 (PGHS-1 and PGHS-2; also
cyclooxygenases-1 and 2, COX-1 and COX-2) catalyze the committed step in prostaglandin …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS [endotoxin]) is the principal component of the outer membrane of
Gram-negative bacteria. Recent studies have elucidated how LPS is recognized by …