Simple Summary This article provides a review of recent studies that explore the application
of the 3Rs in experimental animal models of liver disease, comparing different models for a …

Mice and rats are widely used to explore mechanisms of mammalian social behavior in
health and disease, raising the question whether they actually differ in their social behavior …

The fine-scale grading of the severity experienced by animals used in research constitutes a
key element of the 3Rs (replace, reduce, and refine) principles and a legal requirement in …

Simple Summary Blood sampling is often performed in laboratory mice. Whilst the
techniques are likely to cause only momentary pain or distress, given their frequency of …

Laboratory mice are the most frequently used animals in biomedical research. In
accordance with guidelines for humane handling, several blood sampling techniques have …

Simple Summary Blood sampling from laboratory animals is a routine procedure in
biomedical research, and husbandry is known to affect the quality of animal models. The …

Nest building behavior has been intensely applied as a parameter for severity assessment
in mice. In contrast, only a limited number of studies have reported nest building data from …

Objective Ethical decisions about an allowance for animal experiments need to be based on
scientifically sound information about the burden and distress associated with the …

While the use of local anesthesia as part of multimodal pain management is common
practice in human and veterinarian surgery, these drugs are not applied routinely in rodent …

Nevirapine is a BCS class-II drug used in the treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS,
specifically HIV-1. This study was aimed to develop and evaluate a novel pH-responsive in …