The global obesity epidemic is well established, with increases in obesity prevalence for
most countries since the 1980s. Obesity contributes directly to incident cardiovascular risk …

(CVD) in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the pathophysiology underlying
the relationship between cardiovascular events, CVD risk factors, and T1DM is not well …

Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed
tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring …

The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is the ratio of the systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured at
the ankle to that measured at the brachial artery. Originally described by Winsor1 in 1950 …

Importance Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is highly prevalent in dialysis-naive patients
with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there are sparse data on the association of …

Although mortality rates from coronary heart disease in the western countries have declined
in the last few decades, morbidity caused by this disease is increasing and a substantial …

Although patients with diabetes have 2 to 4 times increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity
and mortality than individuals without diabetes, recent studies indicate that a significant part …

Background: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is an established predictor of future major
adverse atherosclerotic cardiovascular events in asymptomatic individuals. However, limited …

Summary Each year, the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government …

† Representation does not imply endorsement by the American College of Physicians. The
American Heart Association makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of …