Few studies have discussed the disease nature and treatment outcomes for bilateral
cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula (CSDAVF). This study aimed to investigate the …

Introduction Dural carotid-cavernous fistulas (dCCFs), also known as indirect carotid-
cavernous fistulas, represent abnormal connections between the arterial and venous …

Central nervous system (CNS) exposure to blood-borne biotherapeutics is limited by the
restrictive nature of the brain vasculature. In particular, tightly sealed endothelial cells of the …

Although few nondental features of the osteocranium consistently discriminate marsupials
from placentals, the transverse canal foramen (TCF) has been repeatedly offered as a …

Transvenous endovascular treatment is the first choice for treating most cavernous sinus
dural arteriovenous fistulas (CDAVFs). Among several available venous routes, the inferior …

BACKGROUND Endovascular treatment is the mainstay of treatment for carotid-cavernous
fistulas, but endovascular approaches vary widely. The authors report a rare case of a direct …

A 24-year-old man with history of migraines, spontaneous cervical carotid and vertebral
artery dissections with pseudoaneurysms, and genetically confirmed vascular Ehlers-Danlos …

BACKGROUND A 49-year-old woman with a history of hypertension presented to the
emergency department with right eye redness, proptosis, orbital fullness, and blurry vision …

Carotid-cavernous dural arteriovenous fistulas causing debilitating ocular symptoms and/or
retrograde cortical venous drainage necessitate curative treatment, which is achieved by …

There are multiple treatment alternatives for cavernous dAVFs, with transvenous routes
being most common. Among these routes, occluded inferior petrosal sinus is well-described …