Parkinson's disease (PD) affects millions of people worldwide, it dramatically affects the
brain areas' structure and functions. Therefore, it causes a progressive decline of cognitive …

Abstract To date, Artificial Intelligence systems for handwriting and drawing analysis have
primarily targeted domains such as writer identification and sketch recognition. Conversely …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is commonly characterized by several motor symptoms, such as
bradykinesia, akinesia, rigidity, and tremor. The analysis of patients' fine motor control …

Studying the effects of neurodegeneration on handwriting has emerged as an
interdisciplinary research topic and has attracted considerable interest from psychologists to …

Parkinson's disease dysgraphia (PDYS), one of the earliest signs of Parkinson's disease
(PD), has been researched as a promising biomarker of PD and as the target of a …

Essential tremor and Parkinson's disease are common movement disorders, and early
diagnosis and evaluation are critical to managing these diseases. Currently, laboratory tests …

Background and objectives: Dynamic handwriting analysis, due to its noninvasive and
readily accessible nature, has emerged as a vital adjunctive method for the early diagnosis …

This chapter describes current methods and future trends in signal processing and pattern
recognition techniques applied to the automatic analysis of motor impairments observed in …

One of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) is abnormal handwriting caused by motor
dysfunction. The development of tablet technology opens up opportunities for an effective …

Motor changes are early signs of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Parkinson's
disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but are often difficult to detect, especially in the …