Background Protein synthesis is one of the extremely important anabolic pathways in the
yeast expression system Pichia pastoris. Codon optimization is a commonly adopted …

Alongshan virus (ALSV) is an emerging tick-borne pathogen that infects humans, causing
febrile disease. ALSV uses Ixodes Persulcatus ticks to infect humans with a wide range of …

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a negative-sense, single stranded RNA
virus with a three-segmented genome that belongs to the genus Nairovirus within the family …

Background Codon usage bias (CUB), the non-uniform usage of synonymous codons,
occurs across all domains of life. Adaptive CUB is hypothesized to result from various …

The Sec secretion pathway is found across all domains of life. A critical feature of Sec
secreted proteins is the signal peptide, a short peptide with distinct physicochemical …

Banana Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc‐TR4) is a highly destructive
pathogen that infects nearly all major banana cultivars and has a tendency to spread further …

Ramp sequences increase translational speed and accuracy when rare, slowly-translated
codons are found at the beginnings of genes. Here, the results of the first analysis of ramp …

Cymbidium kanran is an important commercially grown member of the Chinese orchid
family. However, little information regarding the molecular biology of this species is …

Ribosomes require the activity of associated GTPases to synthesize proteins. Despite strong
evolutionary conservation, the roles of many of these remain unknown. For example, LepA …

Most amino acids are encoded by multiple synonymous codons. Although alternative usage
of synonymous codons does not affect the amino acid sequences of proteins, researchers …