Climate change is a threat to marine biota because increased atmospheric CO2 is causing
ocean warming, acidification, hypercapnia and decreased carbonate saturation. These …

One of the most distinctive and defining features of coleoid cephalopods—squid, cuttlefish
and octopus—is their inking behavior. Their ink, which is blackened by melanin, but also …

Global warming and increased atmospheric CO2 are causing the oceans to warm, decrease
in pH and become hypercapnic. These stressors have deleterious impacts on marine …

During angiosperm reproduction, pollen grains form a tube that navigates through female
tissues to the micropyle, delivering sperm to the egg; the signals that mediate this process …

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (INDO) and tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase (TDO) each
catalyze the first step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. We describe the …

Kermit the Frog famously said that it isnÕt easy being green, and in Living at Micro Scale
David Dusenbery shows that it isnÕt easy being smallÑexisting at the size of, say, a rotifer, a …

Sexual reproduction is a fundamental biological process common among eukaryotes.
Because of the significance of reproductive proteins to fitness, the diversity and rapid …

Sperm are attracted by chemical factors that are released by the egg—a process called
chemotaxis. Most of our knowledge on sperm chemotaxis originates from the study of marine …

We develop a theoretical description of sperm chemotaxis. Sperm cells of many species are
guided to the egg by chemoattractants, a process called chemotaxis. Motor proteins in the …

The surfaces of macroalgal thalli are colonized by planktonic propagules (larvae, spores,
cells, etc.) from a wide diversity of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Colonization (here defined …