Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) is a bacterial species complex that includes the
etiological agents of the most frequently reported vector-borne disease in the Northern …

In order to understand the population structure and dynamics of bacterial microorganisms,
typing systems that accurately reflect the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationship of the …

Determining patterns of host use, and the frequency at which these patterns change, are of
key importance if we are to understand tick population dynamics, the evolution of tick …

Today, we are witnessing changes in the spatial distribution and abundance of many
species, including ticks and their associated pathogens. Evidence that these changes are …

The geographic ranges of ticks and tick-borne pathogens are changing due to global and
local environmental (including climatic) changes. In this review we explore current …

All members of the Borrelia genus that have been examined harbour a linear chromosome
that is about 900 kbp in length, as well as a plethora of both linear and circular plasmids in …

Background Ixodes ricinus ticks are commonly encountered in either natural or urban areas,
contributing to Lyme disease agents Borreliella [(Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato)] spp. and …

Spatial disease ecology is emerging as a new field that requires the integration of
complementary approaches to address how the distribution and movements of hosts and …

Tick-borne flaviviruses (TBF) are widely dispersed across Africa, Europe, Asia, Oceania, and
North America, and some present a significant threat to human health. Seminal studies on …

Birds are hosts for several zoonotic pathogens. Because of their high mobility, especially of
longdistance migrants, birds can disperse these pathogens, affecting their distribution and …