The study of urban birds has increased exponentially in the last century. A prior review of the
scientific literature up to the year 2000 found 100 research articles on urban birds, but in the …

The concept of a pace‐of‐life syndrome describes inter‐and intraspecific variation in several
life‐history traits along a slow‐to‐fast pace‐of‐life continuum, with long lifespans, low …

Urbanization dramatically changes the landscape, presenting organisms with novel
challenges and often leading to reduced species diversity. Urban ecologists have …

Urbanization poses a major threat to biodiversity worldwide. We focused on birds as a well-
studied taxon of interest, in order to review literature on traits that influence responses to …

As cities continue to grow it is increasingly important to understand the long-term responses
of wildlife to urban environments. There have been increased efforts to determine whether …

Environments often vary with regard to their temporal resource availability, but little is
understood concerning how resource predictability impacts animals. The adaptive …

Coping with anthropogenic environmental change is among the greatest challenges faced
by wildlife, and endocrine flexibility is a potentially crucial coping mechanism. Animals may …

After twenty years of studies of endocrine traits in animals living in cities, the field of urban
endocrinology has built a robust literature including numerous studies looking for signatures …

Many animals have adapted to the proximity of humans and thereby gained an advantage in
a world increasingly affected by human activity. Numerous organisms have invaded novel …

The hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is modulated seasonally in many species,
and chronic stress can alter HPA functioning. However, it is not known how these two factors …