The treat-to-target (T2T) concept has improved outcomes for patients with diabetes,
hypertension and rheumatoid arthritis. This therapeutic strategy involves choosing a well …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple
organ inflammatory damage and wide spectrum of autoantibodies. The autoantibodies …

Despite recent improvements in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),
disease activity, comorbidities and drug toxicity significantly contribute to the risk of …

Antibody deficiency or hypogammaglobulinemia can have primary or secondary etiologies.
Primary antibody deficiency (PAD) is the result of intrinsic genetic defects, whereas …

Immunomodulatory agents blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have shown a new way to
treat cancer. The explanation underlying the success of these agents may be the selective …

NAFLD is one of the leading causes of abnormal liver function worldwide. NAFLD refers to a
group of liver conditions ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver to NASH, which involves …

Abnormalities in B cells play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN). Breach in central and peripheral tolerance …

CD22 (Siglec 2) is a receptor predominantly restricted to B cells. It was initially characterized
over 30 years ago and named “CD22” in 1984 at the 2nd International workshop in Boston …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease of undefined
etiology and with remarkably heterogeneous clinical features. Virtually any organ system …

As glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs are non‐specific therapeutic agents that
cause many adverse reactions, the development of biologicals aiming to control specific …