Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels are nonselective cation channels first identified in
retinal photoreceptors and olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). They are opened by the direct …

Nitric oxide (NO) is recognized as a mediator and regulator of inflammatory responses. It
possesses cytotoxic properties that are aimed against pathogenic microbes, but it can also …

Using the photopigment melanopsin, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells
(ipRGCs) respond directly to light to drive circadian clock resetting and pupillary constriction …

In the mammalian retina, besides the conventional rod–cone system, a melanopsin-
associated photoreceptive system exists that conveys photic information for accessory visual …

Retinal neurodegeneration associated with the dysfunction or death of photoreceptors is a
major cause of incurable vision loss. Tremendous progress has been made over the last two …

Life on earth is subject to alternating cycles of day and night imposed by the rotation of the
earth. Consequently, living things have evolved photodetective systems to synchronize their …

BACKGROUND Sperm hyperactivation is critical to fertilization, because it is required for
penetration of the zona pellucida. Hyperactivation may also facilitate release of sperm from …

During development, melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion
cells (ipRGCs) become light sensitive much earlier than rods and cones. IpRGCs project to …

Retinitis pigmentosa is an incurable retinal disease that leads to blindness. One puzzling
aspect concerns the progression of the disease. Although most mutations that cause retinitis …

Gene therapy using recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) vectors to treat blinding
retinal dystrophies has become clinical reality. Therapeutically impactful targeting of …