In recent years, there has been increasing interest in whether and how bureaucratic
effectiveness contributes to development. Just what makes for an effective bureaucracy and …

When and how do governments deliver public goods and services in response to citizen
preferences? We review the current literature on government responsiveness, with a focus …

We investigate the political bias of a large language model (LLM), ChatGPT, which has
become popular for retrieving factual information and generating content. Although ChatGPT …

Bureaucracy is everywhere. Unelected bureaucrats are a key link between government and
citizens, between policy and implementation. Bureaucratic politics constitutes a growing …

We link newly digitized personnel records of the US government for 1907–1921 to census
data to study the segregation of the civil service by race under President Woodrow Wilson …

We study how individual political views shape firm behavior and labor market outcomes.
Using new micro-data on the political affiliation of business owners and private-sector …

Republicans start more firms than Democrats. In a sample of 40 million party-identified
Americans between 2005 and 2017, we find that 6% of Republicans and 4% of Democrats …

This article challenges the common assumption that the partisan identification of
bureaucratic elites is fixed over time. Building on principal-agent and organization theory …

We use newly digitized records from the post office to study the effects of strengthened state
capacity between 1875 and 1901. Exploiting the implementation of the Pendleton Act—a …

Policies to make police forces more representative of communities have centered on race.
But race may crudely proxy views and lived experiences, undermining classic theories of …