Caffeine is consumed by over 80% of US adults. This review examines the effects caffeine
has on cognitive and physical function, since most real-world activities require complex …

Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive drug in the world. Natural sources of
caffeine include coffee, tea, and chocolate. Synthetic caffeine is also added to products to …

Caffeine use is increasing worldwide. The underlying motivations are mainly concentration
and memory enhancement and physical performance improvement. Coffee and caffeine …

Humans consume a wide range of foods, drugs, and dietary supplements that are derived
from plants and which modify the functioning of the central nervous sytem (CNS). The …

Since the introduction of Red Bull in Austria in 1987 and in the United States in 1997, the
energy drink market has grown exponentially. Hundreds of different brands are now …

Background The psychostimulant properties of caffeine are reviewed and compared with
those of prototypical psychostimulants able to cause substance use disorders (SUD) …

Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive substances and it has profound
effects on sleep and wake function. Laboratory studies have documented its sleep-disruptive …

There has been a long debate about the predominant involvement of the different adenosine
receptor subtypes and the preferential role of pre‐versus post‐synaptic mechanisms in the …

Caffeine is a widely used psychoactive substance in both adults and children that is legal,
easy to obtain, and socially acceptable to consume. Although once relatively restricted to …

Rationale Despite the large number of studies on the behavioural effects of caffeine, an
unequivocal conclusion had not been reached. In this review, we seek to disentangle a …