NF-κB was first discovered and characterized 25 years ago as a key regulator of inducible
gene expression in the immune system. Thus, it is not surprising that the clearest biological …

The vertebrate transcription factor NF-κB is induced by over 150 different stimuli. Active NF-
κB, in turn, participates in the control of transcription of over 150 target genes. Because a …

One of the primary physiological roles of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is in the immune
system. In particular, NF-κB family members control the transcription of cytokines and …

The proteasome is an abundant multi-enzyme complex that provides the main pathway for
degradation of intracellular proteins in eukaryotic cells. As such, it controls the levels of …

Apoptosis is a physiological process critical for organ development, tissue homeostasis, and
elimination of defective or potentially dangerous cells in complex organisms. Apoptosis can …

The dipeptide boronic acid analogue VELCADE™(Bortezomib; formerly known as PS-341,
LDP-341 and MLM341) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the proteasome, a multicatalytic …

The proteasome is a multisubunit enzyme complex that plays a central role in the regulation
of proteins that control cell-cycle progression and apoptosis, and has therefore become an …

The inhibitor of apoptosis protein family has been characterized over the past 5 years,
initially in baculovirus and more recently in metazoans. The IAPs are a widely expressed …

Anticancer treatment using cytotoxic drugs is considered to mediate cell death by activating
key elements of the apoptosis program and the cellular stress response. While proteolytic …

Apoptosis, the cell's intrinsic death program, is a key regulator of tissue homeostasis. An
imbalance between cell death and proliferation may result in tumor formation. Also, killing of …