Oxygen-derived free radicals and related oxidants are ubiquitous and short-lived
intermediates formed in aerobic organisms throughout life. These reactive species …

Peroxynitrite is a short-lived and reactive biological oxidant formed from the diffusion-
controlled reaction of the free radicals superoxide (O2•–) and nitric oxide (• NO). In this …

Nitric oxide (NO) works as a retrograde neurotransmitter in synapses, allows the brain blood
flow and also has important roles in intracellular signaling in neurons from the regulation of …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the closely related reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are
often generated in applications of atmospheric pressure plasmas intended for biomedical …

Peroxynitrite is the product of the diffusion-controlled reaction of nitric oxide and superoxide
radicals. Peroxynitrite, a reactive short-lived peroxide with ap K a of 6.8, is a good oxidant …

Abstract Thioredoxins (Trxs), glutaredoxins (Grxs), and peroxiredoxins (Prxs) have been
characterized as electron donors, guards of the intracellular redox state, and “antioxidants” …

The free radical nitric oxide (· NO) is a key mediator in different physiological processes such
as vasodilation, neurotransmission, inflammation, and cellular immune responses, and thus …

Microbes rely upon iron as a cofactor for many enzymes in their central metabolic processes.
The reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide and hydrogen peroxide react rapidly with …

Metabolism, like other aspects of life, involves tradeoffs. Oxidant by-products of normal
metabolism cause extensive damage to DNA, protein, and lipid. We argue that this damage …

The discovery that mammalian cells have the ability to synthesize the free radical nitric oxide
(NO) has stimulated an extraordinary impetus for scientific research in all the fields of …