Giant land vertebrates have evolved more than 30 times, notably in dinosaurs and
mammals. The evolutionary and biomechanical perspectives considered here unify data …

In recent decades there has been a growing interest in proboscideans' body size, given that
mass is highly correlated with biological functions. Different allometric equations have been …

Along with supernumerary bones, sesamoids, defined as any organized intratendinous/
intraligamentous structure, including those composed of fibrocartilage, adjacent to an …

Titanosauria is an exceptionally diverse, globally-distributed clade of sauropod dinosaurs
that includes the largest known land animals. Knowledge of titanosaurian pedal structure is …

Several groups of mammals originated in Africa and then immigrated to Eurasia during
some intervals of the Cenozoic, thus greatly contributing to the mammalian biodiversity in …

How sauropod dinosaurs were able to withstand the forces associated with their immense
size represents one of the most challenging biomechanical scenarios in the evolution of …

Tracks and trackways of newborns, calves and juveniles attributed to straight-tusked
elephants were found in the MIS 5 site (Upper Pleistocene) known as the Matalascañas …

Elephants, the largest living land mammals, have evolved a specialized foot morphology to
help reduce locomotor pressures while supporting their large body mass. Peak pressures …

Krogh's principle states,“For such a large number of problems there will be some animal of
choice, or a few such animals, on which it can be most conveniently studied.” The downside …

The placement and frequency of anthropogenic bone surface modifications (BSMs) on
proboscidean bones are variables that could indicate how Paleolithic people utilized …