Over the past few years, several groups have identified new genes that are transcriptionally
induced downstream of type I interferon (IFN) signalling and that inhibit infection by …

The ISG56/IFIT1 family of genes is clustered on human chromosome 10 and is comprised of
4 members, ISG56/IFIT1, ISG54/IFIT2, ISG60/IFIT3, and ISG58/IFIT5, whose homologs are …

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a potent agonist of the innate immune system; however, the
exact immunostimulatory features of mtDNA and the kinetics of detection by cytosolic nucleic …

Cellular messenger RNA (mRNA) of higher eukaryotes and many viral RNAs are methylated
at the N-7 and 2′-O positions of the 5′ guanosine cap by specific nuclear and cytoplasmic …

Antiviral innate immunity relies on the recognition of microbial structures. One such structure
is viral RNA that carries a triphosphate group on its 5′ terminus (PPP-RNA). By an affinity …

Although the transcription factors IRF-3 and IRF-7 are considered master regulators of type I
interferon (IFN) induction and IFN stimulated gene (ISG) expression, Irf3−/−× Irf7−/− double …

Although type I IFNs play critical roles in antiviral and antitumor activity, it remains to be
elucidated how type I IFNs are produced in sterile conditions of the tumor microenvironment …

Large parts of mammalian genomes are transcriptionally inactive and enriched with various
classes of interspersed and tandem repeats. Here we show that the tumor suppressor …

Upon infection with many RNA viruses, the cytoplasmic retinoic acid inducible gene‐I (RIG‐
I) pathway activates the latent transcription factor IRF‐3, causing its nuclear translocation …

The innate immune response is essential for controlling West Nile virus (WNV) infection but
how this response is propagated and regulates adaptive immunity in vivo are not defined …