Neurotoxins generally inhibit or promote the release of neurotransmitters or bind to
receptors that are located in the pre-or post-synaptic membranes, thereby affecting …

Vesicles are loaded with a variety of cargoes, including membrane proteins, secreted
proteins, signaling molecules, and various enzymes, etc. Not surprisingly, vesicle transport …

The function of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors
(SNAREs) in cellular trafficking, membrane fusion and vesicle release in synaptic nerve …

The soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein (SNAP) receptor
(SNARE) proteins play a central role in most forms of intracellular membrane trafficking, a …

Chronic pain is a widespread debilitating condition affecting millions of people worldwide.
Although several pharmacological treatments for relieving chronic pain have been …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) show increasing therapeutic applications ranging from
treatment of locally paralyzed muscles to cosmetic benefits. At first, in the 1970s, BoNT was …

Targeted delivery of potent inhibitor of cytokine/pain-mediator into inflammatory or pain-
sensing cells is a promising avenue for treating chronic pain, a world-wide major healthcare …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) have been used as therapeutic agents in the clinical
treatment of a wide array of neuromuscular and autonomic neuronal transmission disorders …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are highly successful protein therapeutics. Over 40 naturally
occurring BoNTs have been described thus far and, of those, only 2 are commercially …

Several X-linked neurodevelopmental disorders including Rett syndrome, induced by
mutations in the MECP2 gene, and fragile X syndrome (FXS), caused by mutations in the …