Ketone body metabolism is a central node in physiological homeostasis. In this review, we
discuss how ketones serve discrete fine-tuning metabolic roles that optimize organ and …

The cardioprotective effects of SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors may be
related to their ability to induce a fasting-like paradigm, which triggers the activation of …

Reducing infarct size during a cardiac ischaemic‐reperfusion episode is still of paramount
importance, because the extension of myocardial necrosis is an important risk factor for …

The ketone bodies (KBs) β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate are important alternative
energy sources for glucose during nutrient deprivation. KBs synthesized by hepatic …

Butyrate and R-β-hydroxybutyrate are two related short chain fatty acids naturally found in
mammals. Butyrate, produced by enteric butyric bacteria, is present at millimolar …

Impaired mitochondrial function often results in excessive production of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) and is involved in the etiology of many chronic diseases, including …

Mild reduction in food intake was recently shown to slow polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
progression in mouse models, but whether the effect was due to solely reduced calories or …

Oxidative stress is an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidants,
leading to a disruption of redox signaling and control, and/or molecular damage altering …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal
tract, thought to at least in part reflect an aberrant immune response to gut bacteria. IBD is …

The extension of life span by caloric restriction has been studied across species from yeast
and Caenorhabditis elegans to primates. No generally accepted theory has been proposed …