The HSPA5 gene encodes the binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), an Hsp70 family
chaperone localized in the ER lumen. As a highly conserved molecular chaperone, BiP …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cellular organelle where secretory and membrane
proteins, as well as lipids, are synthesized and modified. When cells are subjected to ER …

INTRODUCTION Protein synthesis is controlled by a plethora of developmental and
environmental conditions. One intracellular signaling network, the integrated stress …

Free radicals originate from both exogenous environmental sources and as by-products of
the respiratory chain and cellular oxygen metabolism. Sustained accumulation of free …

Reactive astrocytes (RA) secrete lipocalin-2 (LCN2) glycoprotein that regulates diverse
cellular processes including cell death/survival, inflammation, iron delivery and cell …

Millions of children are exposed to concentrations of air pollutants, including fine particulate
matter (PM2. 5), above safety standards. In the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) have been
associated with fibrotic lung disease, although exactly how they modulate this process …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative pathology characterized by a
progressive decline of cognitive functions. Alteration of various signaling cascades affecting …

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders affecting several mammalian species,
characterized by the accumulation of the misfolded form of the prion protein, which is …

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a protective cellular response activated under
conditions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The hepatic UPR is activated in several …