For an organism to survive, it must be able to sense its environment and regulate
physiological processes accordingly. Understanding how bacteria integrate signals from …

Bacteria can be adapted to adverse and detrimental conditions that induce general and
specific responses to DNA damage as well as acid, heat, cold, starvation, oxidative …

Gene expression profiles of Escherichia coli K-12 W3110 were compared as a function of
steady-state external pH. Cultures were grown to an optical density at 600 nm of 0.3 in …

CsrA is a post-transcriptional regulatory protein that is widely distributed among bacteria.
This protein influences bacterial lifestyle decisions by binding to the 5′ untranslated and/or …

Bacteria often cope with environmental stress by inducing alternative sigma (σ) factors,
which direct RNA polymerase to specific promoters, thereby inducing a set of genes called a …

Transmembrane signaling between intracellular compartments is often controlled by
regulated proteolysis. Escherichia coli respond to misfolded or unfolded outer-membrane …

Mechanisms of DNA repair and mutagenesis are defined on the basis of relatively few
proteins acting on DNA, yet the identities and functions of all proteins required are unknown …

Gram-negative bacteria possess stress responses to maintain the integrity of the cell
envelope. Stress sensors monitor outer membrane permeability, envelope protein folding …

The Escherichia coliσE‐dependent stress response pathway controls the expression of
genes encoding periplasmic folding catalysts, proteases, biosynthesis enzymes for lipid A (a …

Symbiotic associations between animals and microbes are ubiquitous in nature, with an
estimated 15% of all insect species harboring intracellular bacterial symbionts. Most …