Vascular complications of diabetes pose a severe threat to human health. Prevention and
treatment protocols based on a single vascular complication are no longer suitable for the …

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors block glucose reabsorption in the renal
proximal tubule, an insulin-independent mechanism that plays a critical role in glycemic …

Despite recent advances in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD), morbidity
and mortality rates in these patients remain high. While pressure-mediated injury is a well …

Gliflozins are a novel class of oral anti-diabetic drugs, acting as inhibitors of sodium-glucose
co-transporters (SGLTs) through the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and intestinal …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus which may
eventually lead to end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD). Despite improvements in glycaemic …

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) were originally developed as
antidiabetic agents, with cardiovascular (CV) outcome trials demonstrating improved CV …

Significance: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be regarded as a burden of lifestyle
disease that shares common underpinning features and risk factors with the aging process; …

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of kidney disease. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a
major cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) worldwide, and it is linked to an increase …

Background Inhibitors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) slow the progression
of diabetic kidney disease, possibly by reducing the proximal tubule transport workload with …

Aims/hypothesis Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1ras) and sodium–glucose
cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have shown kidney-protective effects. Improved kidney …