The role of the autoimmune regulator (Aire) in central immune tolerance and thymic self-
representation was first described more than 20 years ago, but fascinating new insights into …

Patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1 (APS-1) caused by
autosomal recessive AIRE deficiency produce autoantibodies that neutralize type I …

The intricate balance of immune reactions towards invading pathogens and immune
tolerance towards self is pivotal in preventing autoimmune diseases, with the thymus playing …

AIRE is an unconventional transcription factor that enhances the expression of thousands of
genes in medullary thymic epithelial cells and promotes clonal deletion or phenotypic …

Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) generate immunological self-tolerance by
ectopically expressing peripheral-tissue antigens (PTAs) within the thymus to preview the …

The thymus has the ability to regenerate from acute injury caused by radiation, infection, and
stressors. In addition to thymocytes, thymic epithelial cells in the medulla (mTECs), which …

Within the thymus, thymic epithelial cells (TECs) create dedicated microenvironments for T
cell development and selection. Considering that TECs are sensitive to distinct …

The thymus is a unique primary lymphoid organ that supports the production of self‐tolerant
T‐cells essential for adaptive immunity. Intrathymic microenvironments are …

Advances in modern medicine have enabled a rapid increase in lifespan and, consequently,
have highlighted the immune system as a key driver of age-related disease. Immune …

Known for their distinct antigen-sampling abilities, microfold cells, or M cells, have been well
characterized in the gut and other mucosa including the lungs and nasal-associated …