Understanding the recent history of Thwaites Glacier, and the processes controlling its
ongoing retreat, is key to projecting Antarctic contributions to future sea-level rise. Of …

Thwaites Glacier is one of the fastest-changing ice–ocean systems in Antarctica 1, 2, 3.
Much of the ice sheet within the catchment of Thwaites Glacier is grounded below sea level …

Over the past 50 years, the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) has been one of the major
acquirers of aerogeophysical data over Antarctica, providing scientists with gravity, magnetic …

While twentieth century sea-level rise was dominated by thermal expansion of ocean water,
mass loss from glaciers and ice sheets is now a larger annual contributor. There is …

Thwaites Glacier is the most rapidly changing outlet of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and adds
large uncertainty to 21st century sea-level rise predictions. Here, we present the first direct …

Today, relatively warm Circumpolar Deep Water is melting Thwaites Glacier at the base of its
ice shelf and at the grounding zone, contributing to significant ice retreat. Accelerating ice …

Accelerating ice loss from Thwaites Glacier is contributing approximately 5% of global sea‐
level rise, and could add tens of centimeters to sea level over the coming centuries. We use …

Subglacial hydrology is a leading control on basal friction and the dynamics of glaciers and
ice sheets. At low discharge, subglacial water flows through high-pressure, sheet-like …

The rapidly retreating Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers together dominate present-day ice
loss from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and are implicated in runaway deglaciation scenarios …

Abstract Pine Island Ice Shelf (PIIS) buttresses the Pine Island Glacier, the key contributor to
sea-level rise. PIIS has thinned owing to ocean-driven melting, and its calving front has …