Histamine is a transmitter in the nervous system and a signaling molecule in the gut, the
skin, and the immune system. Histaminergic neurons in mammalian brain are located …

In the monkey brain, two interconnected cortical areas have distinctive neuronal responses
to visual, tactile, and auditory stimuli. These areas are the ventral intraparietal area (VIP) and …

Fear is an adaptive component of the acute “stress” response to potentially-dangerous
(external and internal) stimuli which threaten to perturb homeostasis. However, when …

This paper advances a psychophysiological systems view of pain in which physical injury, or
wounding, generates a complex stress response that extends beyond the nervous system …

This review assesses the parallel data on the role of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in
depression and anxiety. We review historical and new data from both animal and human …

We have seen these children—the shy and the sociable, the cautious and the daring—and
wondered what makes one avoid new experience and another avidly pursue it. At the crux of …

Current hypotheses that use visually guided reaching and grasping to explain orbital
convergence, visual specialization, and brain expansion in primates are open to question …

The presence of certain bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract influences behavior and brain
function. For example, challenge with live Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni), a common food …

When a low-salience stimulus of any type of sensory modality—auditory, visual, tactile—
immediately precedes an unexpected startle-like stimulus, such as the acoustic startle reflex …

The serotonin (5-HT) 1B receptor is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) of
rodents and its homologous 5-HT1Dβ receptor is expressed in human. These receptors are …