T cells play a critical role in cancer control, but a range of potent immunosuppressive
mechanisms can be upregulated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to abrogate their …

Methotrexate has been used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) since the 1980s and to
this day is often the first line medication for RA treatment. In this review, we examine multiple …

Nucleotides are required for a wide variety of biological processes and are constantly
synthesized de novo in all cells. When cells proliferate, increased nucleotide synthesis is …

The treatment and outcomes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been
transformed over the past two decades. Low disease activity and remission are now …

The risk of cardiovascular disease is increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
compared with the general population owing to the influence of traditional and non …

Abstract Treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) is challenging: disease-modifying treatments
(DMTs) must both limit unwanted immune responses associated with disease initiation and …

Human health is under constant threat of a wide variety of dangers, both self and nonself.
The immune system is occupied with protecting the host against such dangers in order to …

The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) affect more than 60,000 individuals in the
United States and an estimated 770,000 worldwide. 1 Although widely considered a disease …

Dyslipidemia and inflammation are well known causal risk factors the development of
atherosclerosis. The interplay between lipid metabolism and inflammation at multiple levels …

Objectives Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may develop lymphoproliferative disorders
(RA‐LPD). Immunosuppressive states due to methotrexate (MTX) and Epstein–Barr virus …