Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other, less prevalent dementias are complex age-related
disorders that exhibit multiple etiologies. Over the past decades, animal models have …

Retinal diseases are a rising concern as major causes of blindness in an aging society;
therapeutic options are limited, and the precise pathogenesis of these diseases remains …

We guide the use of organ-on-chip technology in tissue engineering applications. Organ-on-
chip technology is a form of microengineered cell culture platform that elaborates the in-vivo …

The core of the drug research and screening processes is predicting the effect of drugs prior
to human clinical trials. Due to the 2D cell culture and animal models' poor predictability, the …

Microphysiological system or organ-on-a-chip technologies can replicate the key structure
and function of 3D human tissues with higher reproducibility than less controllable 3D cell …

Three-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroid models can recapitulate the human tumour
microenvironment with more accuracy than conventional cell culture models, as they include …

The functional complexity of the central nervous system (CNS) is unparalleled in living
organisms. Its nested cells, circuits and networks encode memories, move bodies and …

Many different strategies can be found in the literature to model organ physiology, tissue
functionality, and disease in vitro; however, most of these models lack the physiological fluid …

As an ideal in vitro model, brain‐on‐chip (BoC) is an important tool to comprehensively
elucidate brain characteristics. However, the in vitro model for the definition scope of BoC …

Degenerative diseases affecting bone tissues and the brain represent important problems
with high socio-economic impact. Certain bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, are …