This article reviews our present understanding of QCD spin physics: the proton spin puzzle
and new developments aimed at understanding the transverse structure of the nucleon …

A hot, dense medium called a quark gluon plasma (QGP) is created in ultrarelativistic heavy
ion collisions. Early in the collision, hard parton scatterings generate high momentum …

We report a systematic measurement of cumulants, C n, for net-proton, proton, and
antiproton multiplicity distributions, and correlation functions, κ n, for proton and antiproton …

The super τ-charm facility (STCF) is an electron–positron collider proposed by the Chinese
particle physics community. It is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy range from …

The extreme energy densities generated by ultra-relativistic collisions between heavy atomic
nuclei produce a state of matter that behaves surprisingly like a fluid, with exceptionally high …

Global polarization of Λ hyperons has been measured to be of the order of a few tenths of a
percentage in Au+ Au collisions at s NN= 200 GeV, with no significant difference between Λ …

Nonmonotonic variation with collision energy (s NN) of the moments of the net-baryon
number distribution in heavy-ion collisions, related to the correlation length and the …

Global hyperon polarization, P¯ H, in Au+ Au collisions over a large range of collision
energy, s NN, was recently measured and successfully reproduced by hydrodynamic and …

We present measurements of bulk properties of the matter produced in Au+ Au collisions at s
NN= 7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, and 39 GeV using identified hadrons (π±, K±, p, and p¯) from the …

We report the beam energy (s NN= 7.7–200 GeV) and collision centrality dependence of the
mean (M), standard deviation (σ), skewness (S), and kurtosis (κ) of the net-proton multiplicity …