Piezoelectricity spans a wide range of fields, showcasing its practical significance. In the
realm of consumer electronics, piezoelectric materials are utilized in buzzers, sensors, and …

Armature-rail instantaneous current-carrying friction in electromagnetic launchers refers to a
sliding electric-mechanical impact friction and transition-induced arc erosion on a …

The non-elastic electrical contact between pantograph strip and wire, via a pantograph-rigid
catenary system, results in much wear of metro strip. Every month, hundreds of thousands of …

Electrical engineering models often rely on complex circuit configurations that facilitate the
dynamic flow of electrically charged particles within a closed conductive network. These …

The condition of a catenary is significant to ensure a high current collection quality. Owing to
the dynamic interaction between the pantograph and the catenary system, the vibration of …