The relationship between gut microbiota and neurological diseases, including chronic pain,
has received increasing attention. The gut microbiome is a crucial modulator of visceral …

Aims The family of kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites includes compounds produced
along two arms of the path and acting in clearly opposite ways. The equilibrium between …

Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous tryptophan (Trp) metabolite known to possess
neuroprotective property. KYNA plays critical roles in nociception, neurodegeneration, and …

Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous metabolite of the kynurenine pathway for
tryptophan degradation and an antagonist of both N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and alpha …

The kynurenine pathway (KP) is the major catabolic pathway for the essential amino acid
tryptophan leading to he production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. In inflammatory …

Tryptophan catabolism through the kynurenine pathway generates a variety of bioactive
metabolites. Physical exercise can modulate kynurenine pathway metabolism in skeletal …

As a major metabolite of kynurenine in the oxidative metabolism of tryptophan, kynurenic
acid is of considerable biological and clinical importance as an endogenous antagonist of …

GPR35 is a class A, rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) first identified more
than 20 years ago. In the intervening period, identification of strong expression in the lower …

It is usually assumed that kynurenic acid (KYNA) modifies neuronal function because it
antagonizes the glycine site of the NMDA receptors and/or the neuronal cholinergic α7 …

Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous tryptophan metabolite exerting neuroprotective
and anticonvulsant properties in the brain. However, its importance on the periphery is still …