An updated review of the existing knowledge regarding uremic toxins facilitates the design
of experimental studies. We performed a literature search and found 621 articles about …

Uric acid‐mediated biological effects are milieu dependent. In a physiological milieu, serum
uric acid serves as an antioxidant; when homeostasis is perturbed, divergent effects are …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide. Rhubarb has
been shown to have nephroprotective and anti-fibrotic activities in patients with CKD …

Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the final common pathway for all kidney diseases leading to
chronic kidney disease (CKD). TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway plays a key role in renal …

Ceftriaxone is an emerging contaminant due to its potential harm, while its effects on liver
are still need to be clarified. In this study, we first pretreated the 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation during purine metabolism is associated with
xanthine oxidase and uric acid. However, the direct effect of hypoxanthine on ROS …

Metabolic end products accumulate in kidney failure, including uric acid (UA), a terminal
product of purine catabolism. Hyperuricemia (HUA) can cause gout and has been …

∎ ABSTRACT The role of uric acid as an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease
development and progression is still a matter of discussion. Several observational studies …

Results Of the 282,925 adults aged≥ 66 years, the mean age was 75 years and 57.9%
were women. The 3-year cumulative incidence of gout was higher in older adults with a …

Background: Elevated serum uric acid has been associated with a variety of cardiovascular
disease and with inflammation, but these have been little explored in chronic kidney disease …